A broad‐scale assessment of the effect of improved soil management on catchment baseflow index     

I. P. Holman  T. M. Hess  S. C. Rose 《水文研究》2011,25(16):2563-2572

Although the importance of sustainable soil management is recognized, there are many threats to soils including widespread soil structural degradation. This reduces infiltration through the soil surface and/or the percolation of water through the soil profile, with important consequences for crop yields, nutrient cycling and the hydrological response of catchments. This article describes a broad‐scale modelling approach to assess the potential effect that improved agricultural soil management, through reduced soil structural degradation, may have on the baseflow index (BFI) of catchments across England and Wales. A daily soil–water balance model was used to simulate the indicative BFI of 45 696 thirty‐year model runs for different combinations of soil type, soil/field condition, land cover class and climate which encapsulate the variability across England and Wales. The indicative BFI of catchments was then calculated by upscaling the results by spatial weighting. WaSim model outputs of indicative BFI were within the 95% confidence intervals of the national‐average BFI values given for the Hydrology of Soil Type (HOST ? ) classes for 26 of the 28 classes. At the catchment scale, the concordance correlation coefficient between the BFI from the WaSim model outputs and those derived from HOST was 0·83. Plausible improvements in agricultural soil/field condition produced modest simulated increases of up to 10% in the indicative BFI in most catchments across England and Wales, although for much of southern and northern England the increases were less than 5%. The results suggest that improved soil management might partially mitigate the expected adverse effects of climate change on baseflow to rivers. Healthy, well‐functioning soils produce many additional benefits such as better agricultural yields and reduced pollutant movement, so improved soil management should provide win‐win opportunities for society, agricultural systems and the environment and provide resilience to some of the expected environmental impacts of climate change. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluating suspended sediment and turbidity reduction projects in a glacially conditioned catchment through dynamic regression and fluvial process-based modelling     

Kezhen Wang  Dany Davis  Scott Steinschneider 《水文研究》2021,35(9):e14351

Elevated turbidity (T_n) and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) during and following flood events can degrade water supply quality and aquatic ecosystem integrity. Streams draining glacially conditioned mountainous terrain, such as those in the Catskill Mountains of New York State, are particularly susceptible to high levels of T_n and SSC sourced from erosional contact with glacial-related sediment. This study forwards a novel approach to evaluate the effectiveness of stream restoration best management practices (BMPs) meant to reduce stream T_n and SSC, and demonstrates the approach within the Stony Clove sub-basin of the Catskills, a water supply source for New York City. The proposed approach is designed to isolate BMP effects from natural trends in T_n and SSC caused by trends in discharge and shifts in average T_n or SSC per unit discharge (Q) following large flood events. We develop Dynamic Linear Models (DLMs) to quantify how T_n-Q and SSC-Q relationships change over time at monitoring stations upstream and downstream of BMPs within the Stony Clove and in three other sub-basins without BMPs, providing observational evidence of BMP effectiveness. A process-based model, the River Erosion Model, is then developed to simulate natural, hydrology-driven SSC-Q dynamics in the Stony Clove sub-basin (absent of BMP effects). We use DLMs to compare the modelled and observed SSC-Q dynamics and isolate the influence of the BMPs. Results suggest that observed reductions in SSC and T_n in the Stony Clove sub-basin have been driven by a combination of declining streamflow and the installed BMPs, confirming the utility of the BMPs for the monitored hydrologic conditions.  相似文献   

The Fernow Experimental Forest,West Virginia,USA: Insights,datasets, and opportunities     

Luis Andrés Guillén  Mary Beth Adams  Emily Elliot  Jason Hubbart  Charlene Kelly  Brenden McNeil  William Peterjohn  Nicolas Zegre 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14106

Long-term experimental watershed studies have significantly influenced our global understanding of hydrological processes. The discovery and characterization of how stream water quantity and quality respond to a changing environment (e.g. land-use change, acidic deposition) has only been possible due to the establishment of catchments devoted to long-term study. One such catchment is the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) located in the headwaters of the Appalachian Mountains in West Virginia, a region that provides essential freshwater ecosystem services to eastern and mid-western United States communities. Established in 1934, the FEF is among the earliest experimental watershed studies in the Eastern United States that continues to address emergent challenges to forest ecosystems, including climate change and other threats to forest health. This data note describes available data and presents some findings from more than 50 years of hydrologic research at the FEF. During the first few decades, research at the FEF focused on the relationship between forest management and hydrological processes—especially those related to the overall water balance. Later, research included the examination of interactions between hydrology and soil erosion, biogeochemistry, N-saturation, and acid deposition. Hydro-climatologic and water quality datasets from long-term measurements and data from short-duration studies are publicly available to provide new insights and foster collaborations that will continue to advance our understanding of hydrology in forested headwater catchments. As a result of its rich history of research and abundance of long-term data, the FEF is positioned to continue to advance understanding of forest ecosystems in a time of unprecedented change.  相似文献   

Multivariate adaptive regression splines for estimating riverine constituent concentrations     

Hong Huang  Xiaoliang Ji  Fang Xia  Shuhui Huang  Xu Shang  Han Chen  Minghua Zhang  Randy A. Dahlgren  Kun Mei 《水文研究》2020,34(5):1213-1227

Regression-based methods are commonly used for riverine constituent concentration/flux estimation, which is essential for guiding water quality protection practices and environmental decision making. This paper developed a multivariate adaptive regression splines model for estimating riverine constituent concentrations (MARS-EC). The process, interpretability and flexibility of the MARS-EC modelling approach, was demonstrated for total nitrogen in the Patuxent River, a major river input to Chesapeake Bay. Model accuracy and uncertainty of the MARS-EC approach was further analysed using nitrate plus nitrite datasets from eight tributary rivers to Chesapeake Bay. Results showed that the MARS-EC approach integrated the advantages of both parametric and nonparametric regression methods, and model accuracy was demonstrated to be superior to the traditionally used ESTIMATOR model. MARS-EC is flexible and allows consideration of auxiliary variables; the variables and interactions can be selected automatically. MARS-EC does not constrain concentration-predictor curves to be constant but rather is able to identify shifts in these curves from mathematical expressions and visual graphics. The MARS-EC approach provides an effective and complementary tool along with existing approaches for estimating riverine constituent concentrations.  相似文献   

测绘地理信息档案管理对策研究     

李明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(3):9-11,15

国民经济建设对测绘地理信息档案的需求旺盛,如何对测绘地理信息数据进行归档管理,提高测绘地理信息档案存储的安全性及方便再利用,已经成为测绘地理信息档案管理部门需要研究的重要课题。本文通过分析当前测绘地理信息档案管理的现状,指出存在的问题,提出有力的改进措施。  相似文献   

Stormwater control impacts on runoff volume and peak flow: A meta-analysis of watershed modelling studies     

Colin D. Bell  Jordyn M. Wolfand  Chelsea L. Panos  Aditi S. Bhaskar  Ryan L. Gilliom  Terri S. Hogue  Kristina G. Hopkins  Anne J. Jefferson 《水文研究》2020,34(14):3134-3152

Decades of research has concluded that the percent of impervious surface cover in a watershed is strongly linked to negative impacts on urban stream health. Recently, there has been a push by municipalities to offset these effects by installing structural stormwater control measures (SCMs), which are landscape features designed to retain and reduce runoff to mitigate the effects of urbanisation on event hydrology. The goal of this study is to build generalisable relationships between the level of SCM implementation in urban watersheds and resulting changes to hydrology. A literature review of 185 peer-reviewed studies of watershed-scale SCM implementation across the globe was used to identify 52 modelling studies suitable for a meta-analysis to build statistical relationships between SCM implementation and hydrologic change. Hydrologic change is quantified as the percent reduction in storm event runoff volume and peak flow between a watershed with SCMs relative to a (near) identical control watershed without SCMs. Results show that for each additional 1% of SCM-mitigated impervious area in a watershed, there is an additional 0.43% reduction in runoff and a 0.60% reduction in peak flow. Values of SCM implementation required to produce a change in water quantity metrics were identified at varying levels of probability. For example, there is a 90% probability (high confidence) of at least a 1% reduction in peak flow with mitigation of 33% of impervious surfaces. However, as the reduction target increases or mitigated impervious surface decreases, the probability of reaching the reduction target also decreases. These relationships can be used by managers to plan SCM implementation at the watershed scale.  相似文献   

移动测量技术在城市绿化普查中的应用     

庞岩  孙国强  解全波 《北京测绘》2020,(4):518-522

在新时代的城市建设中,绿化建设对于美化城市面貌和提高市民居住舒适度显得十分重要,那么城市绿化普查工作则成为绿化建设工作中的重要一环。为了改进传统绿化普查工作,本文提供一整套基于移动测量技术的城市绿化普查方案,搭配自主研发的GIS采集软件和实景三维管理平台,采集绿化信息的效率和精度显著提高,更可以优化城市绿化管理方法。  相似文献   

Targeting rare earth element bearing mine tailings on Bangka Island,Indonesia, with Sentinel-2 MSI     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

A laboratory study on rare earth element bearing mine tailings, collected from Bangka Island, Indonesia, reported a new spectral absorption feature at 674 nm associated with Erbium. The present study aims to evaluate the capability of the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 MSI sensors to detect this absorption feature from space. An arithmetic band operation is performed on selected visible and near-infrared spectral bands of a Sentinel-2 image. The results show that Sentinel-2 MSI is capable of detecting the 674 nm Erbium-related absorption feature within the particular environmental setting of the study area.  相似文献   

综合管线管理信息系统的设计与开发     

刘彩玲  王崇倡 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):153-155,159

设计与开发的城市综合管线管理信息系统采用C#为开发语言,Visual Studio为开发工具,是以ArcEngine组件为基础开发的地下管线管理信息系统。本系统设计主要的研究内容为:对地下管线管理系统进行需求分析,地下管线系统的总体设计,包括系统的数据库设计和功能设计,编程实现了管线系统的用户管理子功能以及管线浏览、管线查询、管线编辑、管线分析的爆管分析等功能。基本满足城市地下综合管线统一管理的要求,对于提高城市地下管线信息的利用以及保障管线正常稳定运行都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Assessing the effects of catchment‐scale urban green infrastructure retrofits on hydrograph characteristics          下载免费PDF全文

Kimberly M. Jarden  Anne J. Jefferson  Jennifer M. Grieser 《水文研究》2016,30(10):1536-1550

Run‐off from impervious surfaces has pervasive and serious consequences for urban streams, but the detrimental effects of urban stormwater can be lessened by disconnecting impervious surfaces and redirecting run‐off to decentralized green infrastructure. This study used a before–after‐control‐impact design, in which streets served as subcatchments, to quantify hydrologic effectiveness of street‐scale investments in green infrastructure, such as street‐connected bioretention cells, rain gardens and rain barrels. On the two residential treatment streets, voluntary participation resulted in 32.2% and 13.5% of parcels having green infrastructure installed over a 2‐year period. Storm sewer discharge was measured before and after green infrastructure implementation, and peak discharge, total run‐off volume and hydrograph lags were analysed. On the street with smaller lots and lower participation, green infrastructure installation succeeded in reducing peak discharge by up to 33% and total storm run‐off by up to 40%. On the street with larger lots and higher participation, there was no significant reduction in peak or total stormflows, but on this street, contemporaneous street repairs may have offset improvements. On the street with smaller lots, lag times increased following the first phase of green infrastructure construction, in which streetside bioretention cells were built with underdrains. In the second phase, lag times did not change further, because bioretention cells were built without underdrains and water was removed from the system, rather than just delayed. We conclude that voluntary green infrastructure retrofits that include treatment of street run‐off can be effective for substantially reducing stormwater but that small differences in design and construction can be important for determining the level of the benefit. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献